The Human Body, A Biological Organization Of Physiological...

Introduction The human body, a biological organization of physiological cascades, is surprisingly fragile but yet highly adaptable to withstand the varying challenges encountered in the lifetime of an individual. From chronic illnesses to acute and rapidly changing events, the integrated cooperation between human organ systems can dramatically influence the potential outcomes of a patient. It is multiple deployments of singular compensatory mechanisms in response to abnormal changes that provides this infinite flexibility. While this continuous flexibility is illustrated in lifestyle diseases such as hypertension and diabetes, its role in acute attention-demanding events are remarkable. An example of such an attention-demanding occurrence†¦show more content†¦Hemothoraxes, however, have also been documented to occur in cases of improper needle chest decompression or catheter insertion, complication following thoracic surgery and various blood disorders. Cases of hemothoraxes have occurred in a range of ages from neonatal to geriatric, however, clinical indications are often universal and only require simple imagery equipment in order to precisely identify. While hemothoraxes are uncommon events in comparison to pneumothoraxes and the presentation of some clinical signs and symptoms are similar. Clinical signs of tracheal deviation oppose to the affected side and decrease auscultation of inferior lung sounds can indicate a medical practitioner toward a pleural effusion but does not differentiate between hemothorax and pneumothorax. The use of computed tomography and sonography, however, are the simplest and most accurate methods to rapidly access the condition as the pooling of blood within the pulmonary cavity is a distant contrast from normal. The physiological stresses of hemothorax compared to pneunothorax on the human body differs greatly for the cardiovascular system while is near identical for the respiratory system. Cardiovascular System The complex cascades of cardiovascular events are directly linked to the serve internal hemorrhaging of

A Letter Of Termination And On The Birth Announcement Of A...

Helvetica is all around us and it’s like oxygen, you have no choice but to take it in. . The appeal for a clean, professional, and timeless typeface is undeniable. From Fortune 500 logos, to local street signs, Helvetica holds the spot for most widely used font choice to designers and amateur designers alike. What made Helvetica so popular and, why, over 50 years later, does it still retain its popularity? Why does Helvetica work equally effective for both a letter of termination and on the birth announcement of a child? Typography which is the arrangement and interaction of letters on a page is influenced by culture, history, and technology. By exploring these three aspects in relation to Helvetica one will be able to get a better†¦show more content†¦The foundations of the International Typographic Style can be traced to two art schools, the Zurich School of the Applied Arts and the School of Design in Basel, who taught a curriculum in which form follows function. The 1950s saw a boom of the International style when it was epitomized with the creation of several new san-serif type families. The geometric fonts on the 1920s and 30s was rejected in favor of designs inspired by Akzidenz Grotesk fonts. Two fonts would soon take the world by storm. In 1954 a Swiss designer working in Paris by the name of Adrian Frutiger created a family of 21 san-serif fonts which he named, Univers. At the same time, back in Switzerland Edouard Hoffman of the Haas type foundry in Switzerland felt that the Akzidenz Grtotesk fonts should be refined and upgraded. Hoffman had been waiting for the right moment to release a new typeface and in 1956 he contacted Max Miedinger, who had worked with him at Haas and had since branched out as a freelance consultant and designer to help create the new typeface for Haas. Hamburgers. No, not the food, the word. Miedinger began to create a new typeface by working out the letters in the word, hamburgers, a word that includes all st ylistic variations of letters. First working on pencil and paper and then creating photographic reproductions Miedinger set out to create

PHI †Employee Health Information Free Essays

Employees of an organization should expect for their health information to remain private. Just as the government has found it necessary to create laws to protect employees from discrimination, they have had to create laws to safeguard an employee’s protected health information (PHI). These laws include: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHAct). We will write a custom essay sample on PHI – Employee Health Information or any similar topic only for you Order Now While each law explicitly protects employee health information, it also allows employers to use certain PHI to meet certain requirements of each law and to ensure the safety of employees. What is Protected Health Information? What is protected health information? According to Davis and Salver-Malyska, protected health information is defined as individually identified health information transmitted electronically or maintained or stored on any electronic media (2003, p. 31-32). In the United States the HIPAA Privacy Rule allows employers if acting as Plan Administrator to obtain certain PHI. There is no way around this, because the administrator must ask the employee’s doctor to complete certifications and provide back the employers. Companies that have an HMO and also have Workman Compensation, Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA), Short-term and Long term Disability plans will require the doctor or the employee to provide medical certifications that support the need for the employee to be on leave or restricted duty. Under the FMLA, companies are required to also get PHI for an employee’s family member is the leave is requested to take care of a sick or injured family member. Other types of PHI collected by employers include, pre-employee physical information, drug testing prior to employment and random testing. This information is required as part of the hiring process or company liability coverage depending on the nature of the business or job. According to Cascio, the employer is required to indicate if a leave is FMLA and the reason for the leave (2010, p. 9). Ethical and Trust Issues At issue with each type of PHI collected or reviewed there is the potential of the employee’s privacy being compromised? If companies to not set standard, required policies and procedures for those employees requesting and handling the PHI, then there could be major breaches. Once the breach as occurred, an employee’s trust is eroded. Managers and supervisors should be provided training, as most of the information for Workman Comp, FMLA or STD claims is already provided to the employee’s management. But even still, employers cannot directly ask health care providers the nature of an employee’s situation unless the employee has provided or agreed to release the information. According to Colquitt, Lepine and Wesson, trust by an employee is their implied and explicit agreement to allow themselves to be vulnerable to a trustee (2009, p. 219). Just the thought of PHI being made accessible to individuals who may not be trustworthy creates considerable distress by the employee. An example, of distressed trust, would be an employee who is HIV positive, who is required to take a pre-employment physical. While in theory and supposed practice, an employer is not to request a pre-employment physical until after the offer I made. Nonetheless the employee would still have feelings of reluctance to allow the testing just to get a job. Another example includes the employee who is covered by the ADA, where a company must make reasonable accommodations for the employee’s disability. Which means management and HR must ask the question and place into service, the items or accommodations they employee need to meet the projected expectations. In January 2009, the Bush administration published updated FMLA regulations. One key section clarifies the rules regarding who may request additional information about an employee’s FMLA certification—and how it should be sought†. Recommendations In my experience as a manger, I refrain from asking employees PHI regarding them or their families. When you have employees who have small children, elderly parents and a disabled spouse, managers must ensure that they never ask an employee â€Å"what is wrong†? Not only should HR provide training on basic requirements for Workman Comp and HIPAA. Each manager must put safeguards in place to ensure employee records are not compromised. My company has established a process that removes the need to certify or review medical information for return to work instances. Employees submit items directly to an HR professional and not to the manager or supervisor. By doing this it removes the possibility of deliberate or unconscious violation of the employee’s privacy rights. References Colquitt, J. A., Lepine, J. A., Wesson, M. J. (2009). Organizational Behavior;Improving Performance and Committment in the Workplace. New York: McGraw Hill. Cascio, W. F. (2010). Managing Human Resources: Productivity, Quality of Work Life, Profits. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Davis, V., Silver-Malyska, T. (2003). Employers Liability for Use and Disclosure of Individual Health Information: HIPAA Privacy and Employer Functions. Benefits Law Journal, 16(2), 29-46. How to cite PHI – Employee Health Information, Papers

Ideal type bureacracy free essay sample

A bureaucracy is a body of nonelective government officials and/or an administrative policy-making group.Historically, bureaucracy referred to government administration managed by departments staffed with non elected officials. In modern parlance, bureaucracy refers to the administrative system governing any large institution. The elimination of unnecessary bureaucracy is a key concept in modern managerial theory, and has been a central issue in numerous political campaigns. Others have defended the existence of bureaucracies. The German sociologist Max Weber argued that bureaucracy constitutes the most efficient and rational way in which human activity can be organized, and that systematic processes and organized hierarchies were necessary to maintain order, maximize efficiency and eliminate favoritism. But even Weber saw bureaucracy as a threat to individual freedom, in which the increasing bureaucratization of human life traps individuals in an iron cage of rule-based, rational control. Max Weber The German sociologist Max Weber described many ideal-typical forms of public administration, government,and business in his 1922 work Economy and Society. We will write a custom essay sample on Ideal type bureacracy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His critical study of the bureaucratisation of society became one of the most enduring parts of his work. It was Weber who began the studies of bureaucracy and whose works led to the popularization of this term. Many aspects of modern public administration go back to him, and a classic, hierarchically organized civil service of the Continental type is called Weberian civil service. As the most efficient and rational way of organizing, bureaucratization for Weber was the key part of the rational-legal authority, and furthermore, he saw it as the key process in the ongoing rationalization of the Western society. Although he is not necessarily a fan of bureaucracy, Weber does argue that bureaucracy constitutes the most efficient and (formally) rational way in which human activity can be organized, and that thus is indispensable to the modern world. Bureaucratic administration means fundamentally domination through knowledge Max Weber Weber listed several precondititions for the emergence of bureaucracy. The growth in space and population being administered, the growth in complexity of the administrative tasks being carried out, and the existence of a monetary economy requiring a more efficient administrative system. Development of communication and transportation technologies make more efficient administration possible but also in popular demand, and democratization and rationalization of culture resulted in demands that the new system treats everybody equally. Webers ideal-typical bureaucracy is characterized by hierarchical organization, delineated lines of authority in a fixed area of activity, action taken on the basis of and recorded in written rules, bureaucratic officials need expert training, rules are implemented by neutral officials, career advancement depends on technical qualifications judged by organization, not individuals While recognizing bureaucracy as the most efficient form of organization, and even indispensable for the modern state, Weber also saw it as a threat to individual freedoms, and the ongoing bureaucratization as leading to a polar night of icy darkness, in which increasing rationalization of human life traps individuals in a soulless iron cage of bureaucratic, rule-based, rational control. The ideal model of bureaucracy of Max Weber contains six components. These components are: 1) A formal structure. 2) Managed by rules. 3) Functional organization. 4) A focused mission. 5) All relationships are impersonal. 6) Employment based upon qualifications. Max Weber was the first to endorse bureaucracy as a necessary feature of modernity, and by the late 19th century bureaucratic forms had begun their spread from government to other large-scale institutions. The trend toward increased bureaucratization continued in the 20th century, and, in the modern era, practically all organized institutions rely on bureaucracy to organize tasks.